Air pollution

Air pollution appears when the air has gases, dust, fumes or harmful amounts which could be harmful to the health of humans and animals or which could destroy the plants and materials.(epa.Victoria,2006)

The substances that cause air pollution are called pollutans. And there are two kinds of them. Pollutants which are available in the atmosphere and directly pollute the air are called primary pollutants. Primary pollutant examples include carbon monoxide from car exhausts and sulfur dioxide from the burning of coal. The other kinds of pollutants are called secondary pollutants .” Photochemical smog is an example of this.”(Nicole.L.2007).

The most dangerous pollutants are carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide:

The gas carbon monoxide is considered highly toxic to humans, animals and plants; also it has an effect on metals. And it is colorless and odorless.

The dangers of this gas occur in the closed places like garages or the narrow places like tunnels. At the busy traffic lights the recent studies show that more than 350 million tons of this gas is coming from the car’s exhausts and the non- burning petrol in the engine of the car. Also it comes from the burning of the coal in the closed rooms or houses in winter season. The carbon dioxide percentage in the air stands at 0.03 percent, which causes choking if the presence in the air is high. The studies show terrifying expectations about the increasing proportion of its concentration in the atmosphere which may affect the climate in the future like increasing the temperature in the atmosphere.

Sulfur Dioxide is also another cause of the air pollution. It is coming from the accumulation of industrial waste, especially the oil industry, which causes lung and respiratory disease to the humans .In addition to this the soil is also affected by it; it can cause the lack of the crops production and decrease the fertility of the soil. Moreover the seas, rivers, lakes and oceans and its creatures are also affected by the air pollution. And it also affects buildings, where there is erosion in the wall

Hydrocarbons are another participant in the air pollution. “As a result of incomplete combustion in fireplaces and some of the factories and motor vehicles and they affect the respiratory system and cause heart diseases and cancer in humans”( familydoctor)

The smoke which is small, hard, soft particles resulting from combustion sources, particularly the different open coal stoves, affects the climate and obscures vision and reduces the permeability of the sun to the earth. Smoke also causes pneumonia, and many other respiratory diseases, suffocation and death.

Here are some ways that may help in solving the problem of the air pollution. First of all avoid secondhand smoke that is produced by smokers but can harm non-smokers as well.  Try to avoid areas that are filled with smoke and ask smokers to smoke outdoors. Secondly, don’t smoke – when you smoke, you not only harm yourself but also create problems for other people's health. Thirdly, don't use wood stoves – wood stoves emit large amounts of CO indoors.  This can build up in your home and create a dangerous health risk. Fourthly, drive less – cars are one of the largest sources of air pollution.  You should carpool or take public transportation whenever possible. Fifthly, have plants – plants can absorb some dangerous chemicals that are polluting your air.  In doing so, they reduce your risk of getting sick. Sixthly, minimize air conditioning – if you can avoid air-conditioning, do so.  By keeping windows closed, you may be able to avoid needing air conditioning, which will mean using less energy.

In my opinion ,the best solution is to adapt to the problem because everything is changed in our world  and the technology is a weapon with two edges .Sometimes it is useful and makes our life easier and it is also harmful because this will need more and more items to manufacture which leads us to the main problem that is the air pollution. The second solution in my point of view is that OPEC should work with one of the natural organizations to decrease the percentage of air pollution  worldwide .The governments should put lows to stop the old cars from going into the streets. Also nowadays there are electrical cars which are nature friendly. The thing is to raise the awareness of the people to the causes of the fatal problem.

753 WORDS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution

http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/air/air.htm

http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/asthma/triggers/085.html

http://epa.vic.gov.au/air/eq4kids/pollution.asp

3D Technology

A: The definition of the 3D:
3dimensional refers to objects that are rendered visually on paper, film or on screen in three planes (X, Y and Z). In the computer, a 2D drawing program can be used to illustrate a 3D object; however, in order to interactively rotate an object in all axes, it must be created as a 3D drawing in a 3D drawing program. See 3D modeling, 3D animation and 3D graphics. Contrast with 2D.

 

B: The beginnings:

The idea of 3D movies is simple, yet it took lots of effort to shape and perfect. At first, in 1890, the British filmmaker pioneer, William Friese-Greene, ventured into this world. In his trial, “two films were projected side by side on screen. The viewer looked through a stereoscope to converge the two images.” (3D Film) Yet, as it sounds, this was sort of dazzling and always left audiences with headaches.

Many improvements to the idea were made since Greene’s venture and each year the 3D technology seemed to gain more popularity by becoming more developed. Nevertheless, the main point is not only about the technology of making the movie, but it is also about the place in which the movie is to be shown. A movie that adopts such technology always has to be shown in cinemas

Anyhow, things kept on developing steadily till the fifties of the twentieth century   which many describe as the first golden one for 3D movies. During the fifties decade, there was a boom in this industry and the number of movies produced using 3D technology.

C: The present:

The present 3D movies are more developed and different in a number of ways from those in the past.To begin with, the places in which these 3D movies are shown are better equipped; for instance a "special silver screen that retains the polarization as the light reflects back toward the audience." (Shankland, 2007). 

Second of all, the shooting camera itself. Nowadays  only one camera with two lenses is used. Yet, still the same, basic technique remains the same .one facing straight forward in a horizontal orientation, and one facing straight down, in a vertical position. Between them sits a mirror, angled at roughly 45 degrees, that acts as a beam splitter, directing the image to the vertically facing lens and helping to create the 3D effect. While the vertical lens remains stationary, the horizontal one slides from left to right. In doing so, the intensity of the 3D effect varies according to position as the pictures from the two lenses phase in and out. (Covert, n.d)

Right after shooting comes the third and major difference from the past technology; the computer. In the past, no shot scene could be said to be of good or bad quality till the whole movie was put together and shown. Nowadays, on the contrary, with the help of the computer comes the real magic. Each scene or even each fragment of each scene can be viewed and reviewed many times to determine its quality.

The most important equipment in 3D movies world is the glasses. Since our eyes are about two inches ( 5 centimeters)  apart, they see the same image from different angles. Our  brain has the ability to create one clear image. 3D glasses work in two different ways . The first kind is colored glasses,In this system two images are displayed on the screen, one in red and the other on blue; the filters on the glasses allow only one image to enter each eye. The other kind of glasses is  polarized glasses. At Disney World Universal Studios, they prefer using polarized l because they allow color viewing.Each image has a different polarization and the glasses  allow only one image in each eye because they contain glasses with different polarization.

One last thing to be mentioned about the current 3D technology is a bit shocking; "In basic terms, a 3-D film is shot in two frames -- one for the right eye and one for the left eye." (Schiffman, 1008) No wonder they do this, for modern science has affirmed that the right eye views differently from  the left. Put simply, they provide particular views for each eye and let the human mind create the illusion that there is  really  a third dimension.

D: The Future:

As a matter of fact, what's to come in this technology is quite unpredictable. Its potential seems, in one way or another, limitless. The fact that all LCD TV companies are now developing products that support this technology is a proof that it is expected to invade every home.  Furthermore, even cellular phone companies are doing the same by manufacturing devices that have a 3D nativity. Whether one likes it or not, 3D technology is soon expected to be prevalent almost everywhere, and this is why promoting  it by many kinds of industries is becoming wider.